- Type of work: Ceramic mural
- Technique: Ceramic and glass mosaic
- Approximate dimensions: Pending due to inaccessibility
- Subject: Abstract composition
- Title: Untitled
- Author: César Manrique (1919-1992)
- Chronology or Year: 1957
- Historical-artistic analysis:
Style: Geometric abstraction
Description: This mural stands out for the procedure used by means of which the matter contained within geometric schemes has become the sustaining element of its expressiveness. The interweaving of lines orders the space and builds the forms, and it is the different materials used, pieces of ceramic, tiles, glazed earthenware, glass, etc., that integrate the color that emanates from their own nature. The combination of these different materials, delimited by the drawing, provides the shades and tones that go from ochre to black, white, earth, blue and green, modifying the color according to the zonal supports.
Date of reception: In 1957, forming part of the decoration of the new space dedicated to summer terrace, inaugurated in August of that year.
Observations: Under the presidency of Gumersindo Robayna Galván, in order to create a more informal social space for youth, the transformation of the rooftop into a summer terrace was approved in 1955. The architectural work was commissioned to the architect Luis Cabrera who, recently arrived in Tenerife, represented the architectural renovation by applying the international modern style to the new space, whose decoration was entrusted to César Manrique, who was already successful as a painter and collaborated successfully with architects in interior decoration, especially as a muralist (mural of the Parador de Turismo in Arrecife in 1950, mural of the grill of the Hotel Fénix in Madrid or of the Banco Guipuzcoano in Santander in 1955). On this occasion, César’s mural was placed at the back of the bar. At the end of the 1980s, with the renovation of the fourth floor by architect Carlos Schwartz, it was moved to the left side of the new access to the terrace, where it is today. On June 6, 1957, the Board of Directors “agreed to pay César Manrique the amount of 50,000 ptas. on account of the 70,000 ptas. agreed for the project, direction and stay for the decoration of the Summer Terrace”.
About the author: César Manrique (Arrecife, Lanzarote, 1919 – Tahíche, Lanzarote, 1992), gifted with a great ability for drawing, began his training in a self-taught way, influenced by the observation of the craft activity, then abundant in Puerto Naos, the work of Picasso, Matisse and Braque, known through magazines, the contact with the Millares family when he moved to Lanzarote in 1936 and the friendship with the sculptor Pancho Lasso from 1939. After a solo exhibition in 1942 and participation in the collective exhibition of artists from the province of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria at the National Museum of Modern Art in 1944, he obtained a scholarship from the General Captaincy of the Canary Islands to continue his studies in Madrid, at the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando under Vázquez Díaz and Eduardo de Chicharro, where he remained between 1945 and 1950. In this first stage of his production (1945-1954), the insular imaginary, with which he had already established a full identification, moves away from naturalism in search of the synthesis and essence of reality, with a plastic language influenced by Picasso in drawing and Matisse in color. Replacing figurative references with secret signs, a series of monotypes exhibited in 1954 at the Clan Gallery in Madrid places him within the group of artists with avant-garde ideas for the renovation of Spanish art after the Civil War. More than the content, the procedure used now stands out, with exclusive use of plastic elements, where in a pro-constructivist conception the line traces geometric shapes, treating color as the most significant element of the work. His stay in Paris in 1953, where he carried out research on non-figurative painting, led him to a second stage of austerity (1954 – 1957), in which there was a break with color and matter, within geometric schemes, began to become the main element supporting the expressiveness of the painting. This process of investigation of matter and forms leads to a stage of maturity that begins in 1958, when geometric schemes disappear and it is the matter that only assumes the significance of the painting, which also recovers the previous color as part of its nature. His work, shown in individual exhibitions at the Clan Gallery in Madrid, soon achieved recognition crystallized in the 2nd Medal of the 1st Contemporary Art Exhibition in Cartagena, and in his participation in the XXVIII Venice Biennial and in the III Hispano-American Biennial in Havana in 1955. That year he was commissioned to decorate the Hotel Fénix in Madrid, thus continuing with the muralist activity begun in 1950 in the Parador de Turismo de Arrecife and in other companies such as the Banco Guipuzcoano de Santander (1955), in the Barajas Airport or the mural commissioned by the Casino de Tenerife in 1957, the year in which he exhibited his work in that society, highly praised by the critics, who considered him the most decorative “abstractionist” of the moment. In 1960 his work had already been shown in the main European art centers, continuing with his solo exhibitions in Madrid and Paris and participating again in the Venice Biennale. In 1964 he travels to New York at the invitation of Nelson Rockefeller, settling in that city the following year with a scholarship from the New York International Institute of Education for the study of American art. His contact with New York’s cultural life and with American artistic currents – abstract expressionism, pop, kinetic art – was of great importance for all his creative facets, not only for painting, but also for sculpture, murals and spatial interventions. Hired exclusively by the prestigious Catherine Viviano Gallery, where he exhibited three times, in his paintings he uses action painting techniques (dripping, calligraphic signs, gestural splashes) and they begin to receive names of places or geographical features of Lanzarote as a reinforcement of its abstract character, as they are subject to any interpretation. Despite the frenetic cultural activity offered by New York, a spiritual need and the ever-present presence of Lanzarote in his memory forced him to return and take up permanent residence on the island. He then began his work of intervention in the space of his island, threatened at that time by the tourist avalanche. Aware of the importance of incorporating Lanzarote in the development of this sector but without despoiling its natural landscape, its main source of wealth, he had the ability to incorporate in the same company the production of elements for tourism consumption and the conservation of the landscape, creating a model image of identification of man with the environment. For this work, which had the unconditional support of the Island Council, he won the World Prize for Ecology and Tourism in Berlin (1978), the Europa Nostra Award (1980) and the declaration of Lanzarote as a World Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1993. His interest in urban planning and architecture, already evident in his association with architects for the decoration of murals, led him to rescue the cultural and natural values of the island and to design an itinerary that would regulate the use and enjoyment of the landscape, providing it with spaces for its contemplation, such as Jameos del Agua, Mirador del Río, Taro de Tahíche, or La Peña in El Hierro, with a perfect synthesis of local tradition and modernity in harmony with the environment. That ideology he called art-nature/nature-art and his fight against the degradation of the coastline explains his intervention in Costa Martiánez in 1970, Playa Jardín in 1990 or in the Hotel Salinas and La Vaguada in 1983, without ever abandoning his facet as a painter. From the sixties onwards, color recovers the intensity of previous periods and at the end of the seventies he incorporates figurative and allegorical references, his paintings always open to diverse expressive possibilities, as is also the case with his sculptures, most of them designed for his spatial interventions. His art, which integrates all his creative potential, was always at the service of life, cut short by a traffic accident in September 1992.
Bibliography:
Archive of the Casino de Tenerife. Minutes J D of June 6, 1957; September 5, 1957. Valeriano WEYLER: The small history of a great casino (The one in Santa Cruz de Tenerife). Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 1964.
Agustín GUIMERÁ RAVINA, Alberto DARIAS PRÍNCIPE: El Casino de Tenerife 1840 – 1990, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 1992.
Fernando RUIZ GORDILLO: César Manrique, César Manrique Foundation, Madrid, 1998 (4th edition).
Lázaro SANTANA: Manrique. Art of the Canary Islands Edirca, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 1991 Lázaro SANTANA: César Manrique. An art for life. Barcelona 1993
